Features of Japanese Verbs Groups

Japanese verbs are classified into 3 groups.

Group I verbs (U-verb)

Dictionary forms end in the syllables う-u, く-ku, ぐ-gu, す-su, つ-tsu, ぬ-nu, ぶ-bu, む-mu, -るru.

The last sound of the ますforms is from い column い-i, ち-chi, り-ri, き-ki, ぎ-gi, に-ni, び-bi, み-mi, し-shi.

The potential form of Group 1 verb: drop the final う-u and add eる-eru.

Group 1 verb conjugation pattern:

ない form　(-a) またない

ます form　(-i) まちます

dictionary form　(-u) まつ

potential form　(-e) まてる

volitional form　(-o) まとう

Group II verbs (Ru-verb)

Dictionary forms end in る-ru (following either i or e).

The last sound of the ますforms is from え column. example:食べる taberu (eat). However, in some verbs, it is from theい column.example:見る miru (see)

The potential form of Group 2 verb: drop the final る-ru and add られる-rareru.

Group 2 verb conjugation pattern:

ない form　たべ+ない

ます form　たべ+ます

dictionary form　たべ+る

potential form　たべ+られる

volitional form　たべ+よう

Group Ill verbs

Irregular Verb (usually just two are distinguished, くる kuru ‘come' and する suru 'do’) are included in this group. This group includes action-denoting nouns +する suru too.

Group 2 verb conjugation pattern　する:

ない form　しない

ます form　します

dictionary form　する

potential form　できる

volitional form　しよう

Group 3 verb conjugation pattern　くる:

ない form　こない

ます form　きます

dictionary form　くる

potential form　こられる

volitional form　こよう

Verb Conjugations List

Verb Conjugations List

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